Threats to Undersea Cables and Landing Stations Highlighted by Recent Incidents

• •Undersea cables carry 99% of transoceanic digital communications and are vulnerable to sabotage.
• •Investigations link incidents to potential hybrid threats from state actors, particularly Russia and China.
• •Cable landing stations are critical yet often overlooked targets that require enhanced security measures.

Undersea telecommunication cables, crucial for global internet and financial transactions, face increasing threats. Notably, incidents in November 2024 involved the BCS East-West Interlink and C-Lion 1 cables, suspected to be sabotaged by a Chinese ship. European officials are concerned about hybrid threats from Russia and China, with investigations ongoing. Additionally, cable landing stations, critical for connecting undersea cables to national networks, are vulnerable to both physical and cyber attacks. Since late 2023, at least 11 undersea cables and pipelines have been damaged in the Baltic Sea, raising alarms about coordinated attacks. NATO has responded by expanding maritime patrols, but experts warn that landing stations require similar security enhancements. The resilience of networks has so far prevented a systemic internet collapse, but the risks remain significant.