Ghostty 1.4

Ghostty 1.4.0 is a major release that includes large performance and memory improvements, a 100% complete Kitty graphics implementation including animation and relative placements (the first non-Kitty terminal to do so), SSH integration improvements, and hundreds more improvements and fixes across all platforms.

This release features 7 months of work with changes from 172 contributors over 2,889 commits . Thank you to all the contributors, maintainers, community moderators, translators, packagers, and users who each helped make this release possible.

These release notes are painstakingly and lovingly hand-crafted by human Ghostty maintainers, including the full changelog. They take a combined 16+ hours to write, so please enjoy. 🥰

GHSA-4hwh-wx3w-3fqg . Paste protection didn't treat carriage returns as line endings, so a paste could run a command without confirmation in programs that don't use bracketed paste. This requires user interaction (copy-paste) to trigger.

GHSA-mhff-mv4q-fp63 . Malicious Kitty graphics commands could crash or hang Ghostty, force huge allocations, or in limited cases read or delete files outside the allowed temporary directories. This only requires displaying malicious output.

GHSA-hcr9-7hcr-mjm8 . Malicious terminal output could crash Ghostty, closing every window, via tmux control mode. tmux doesn't need to be installed. This affects Ghostty 1.3.0 and 1.3.1.

GHSA-hp9c-qp4q-cpw3 . The same impact as above, via a tmux control mode layout with a zero-sized or oversized pane. This affects Ghostty 1.3.0 and 1.3.1.

GHSA-w9q4-5jvv-mcv4 . Clearing the screen into scrollback could corrupt memory if it deleted the scrollback page holding a styled or hyperlinked cursor. This only requires displaying malicious output, but only with a small scrollback-limit such as 0 . The default isn't known to be affected.

GHSA-2r63-vmw6-3m3c . A crafted directory name could make the zsh shell integration send arbitrary escape sequences, such as silently replacing the clipboard via OSC 52. bash was affected in a more limited way. This only requires cd -ing into a directory from untrusted content, such as a cloned repository.

macOS: GHSA-cw69-wm67-5pv8 . Cmd-clicking a crafted OSC 8 hyperlink could open unsafe local files or custom URL schemes, leading to arbitrary command execution. Ghostty now blocks unsafe targets and confirms custom URL schemes. This requires user interaction (cmd-click) to trigger.

macOS: GHSA-mfw9-xcr3-7gfp . The same issue as above for links detected by the link configuration, including the default URL matcher. This requires user interaction (cmd-click) to trigger.

macOS: GHSA-v8cw-fg4j-jcc4 . Drag-and-drop text skipped paste protection, with the same impact as above. This requires user interaction (drag-and-drop) to trigger.

macOS: GHSA-mxqx-236q-wrv7 . Opening a file whose name contains control characters could run a different command than the one shown in the confirmation dialog. This requires a crafted file on your system and confirming the dialog.

Note: I requested CVEs for the above advisories weeks ago, but GitHub hasn't assigned them yet. If/when they're assigned, I will update the above with proper CVE numbers.

PRs: #12999 #13069 #13393 #14413 #14414

Ghostty 1.4 supports macOS 27 (Golden Gate). Most of the work was compatibility fixes:

Tabs in the titlebar ( macos-titlebar-style = tabs ) lay out correctly again.

The native tab bar no longer draws as a solid gray bar on top of your theme. It now lets the new glass style blend with your terminal background.

macos-titlebar-style = hidden no longer covers the top lines of the terminal when Reduce Transparency is on.

The app icon no longer has a thin border.

The Shortcuts "New Window" action no longer opens two windows when Ghostty is running without any windows.

Ghostty 1.4 remains fully compatible with prior macOS versions back to and including macOS 13 (Ventura). See the system requirements for more details.

Note Ghostty 1.3.1 works on macOS 27, but it has some of the visual issues listed above, such as the gray tab bar.

Ghostty 1.3.1 works on macOS 27, but it has some of the visual issues listed above, such as the gray tab bar.

Kitty Graphics Animation and Relative Placements

PRs: #13943 #13939 #13935 #13934 #13893 #13933 #13389 #13270 #13281

Ghostty now supports Kitty graphics animation and relative placements . These were the last major features of the Kitty graphics protocol that Ghostty didn't support.

Programs that display animated images with the Kitty protocol, such as an animated GIF shown with kitten icat , now animate in Ghostty instead of showing a single still frame. Frame transmission, composition, and playback control are all supported, and animations pause while the terminal isn't visible. Relative placements let a program position one image relative to another image's placement, so the child image moves along with its parent.

We also did a full conformance pass against the specification and Kitty itself, fixing dozens of behavioral differences. For example, images now scroll with text inside scroll regions ( #4323 ), retransmitting an image ID replaces the old image ( #6711 ), and invalid image data now gets an error response instead of silence, which could leave clients hanging. The full list is in the terminal capabilities section.

Kitty graphics are faster, too. Image payloads are now parsed in bulk with SIMD instead of one byte at a time, making large image transfers 16x faster to parse in our benchmarks (64 MiB of image data, x86_64 Linux), and drawing images costs much less per frame.

Our Kitty graphics implementation now covers 100% of the published specification, making Ghostty (and libghostty) the first terminal to do this outside of Kitty itself.

Scrollback Compression and Lower Memory Usage

PRs: #13264 #13473 #13240 #13245 #14130 #14137 #14138 #14017

Ghostty now transparently compresses scrollback that isn't visible, reducing the physical memory those pages use by 70% to 90% for typical text-heavy history. Compression only runs while the terminal is idle and pages are decompressed on demand when you scroll back or , so it has no measurable impact on I/O throughput.

Thanks to compression, the default scrollback limit has been raised from 10 MB to 50 MB per terminal. On platforms that support compression, a full scrollback still generally uses less physical memory than the old 10 MB limit did.

Note Compression lowers resident (physical) memory, not virtual memory, so look at resident memory when measuring it. It is currently available on macOS and 64-bit Linux.

Compression lowers resident (physical) memory, not virtual memory, so look at resident memory when measuring it. It is currently available on macOS and 64-bit Linux.

Beyond scrollback, memory usage is lower in many places:

A new, empty terminal now uses 16 KiB of terminal page memory on macOS, down from 128 KiB in Ghostty 1.3.1.

On macOS and Linux, memory freed by clearing or trimming scrollback is now returned to the OS instead of being held until the terminal closes.

Hidden tabs release their GPU resources. On macOS, with one visible tab and 20 hidden tabs, GPU memory dropped from 385 MiB to 18 MiB. Rebuilding them when a tab becomes visible again takes under a millisecond.

Performance Improvements

PRs: #13209 #13220 #13226 #13227 #13537 #13827 #13587 #14011 #13722 #14035 #12760

There are performance improvements across the board in Ghostty 1.4 that yield significant gains compared to prior Ghostty versions.

The biggest win came from a surprising discovery: on macOS, the kernel caps every read from a pty at 1 KiB no matter how large the read buffer is. Previously, Ghostty processed each read as it arrived, so per-read overhead was paid every kilobyte, and the program writing output sat blocked while we parsed. Ghostty now drains the pty on one thread while parsing on another, raising end-to-end I/O throughput by 25% to 55% on macOS (M4 Max, plain and Unicode text) over Ghostty 1.3.x.

VT processing itself is also much faster. In parser benchmarks, plain ASCII text went from 128 MB/s to 725 MB/s (5.7x), CJK text got 3.4x faster, and a 2.6 GB dataset of real-world terminal recordings from asciinema is processed 25% faster. Together, these changes took cat -ing a 150 MB text file on macOS from 1.5 seconds to 566 milliseconds.

Other notable improvements:

Resize: resizing a terminal with a large scrollback is 6x faster (120x80 with 10,000 lines of scrollback), and 3x to 5x faster with history full of CJK text or emoji.

Rendering: the renderer holds the terminal lock 2.7x to 11x less per frame, leaving more time for the I/O thread during heavy output.

Copy and : formatting terminal contents as plain text, HTML, or VT, which backs clipboard copy, write_screen_file , and scrollback , is 1.5x to 8x faster.

Launch (macOS): 15% faster from launch to visible window, and 27% faster to the first rendered frame.

Idle energy: on macOS, the renderer's display link now sleeps when there's nothing to draw. On GTK, hidden tabs stop rendering, matching macOS.

Large OSC sequences: OSC 52 clipboard payloads parse 30x faster , and even short sequences like title changes are 6x faster.

New OpenGL Renderer (Linux, FreeBSD)

The GTK app has a new rendering pipeline. It no longer uses GtkGLArea . Instead, the renderer draws with EGL on its own thread, exports each frame as a DMABUF, and hands it to GTK to display. Rendering is now triple-buffered, which should greatly reduce tearing, and no OpenGL calls run on the main thread anymore, which let us remove a number of workarounds.

The most visible result is crisp text under fractional scaling. Text and box-drawing characters are no longer blurry with fractional display scaling such as 125% or 150% ( #1938 ). We fixed this once before, but it came back after upstream GTK changes. Ghostty now renders at the window's true fractional scale, so every rendered pixel maps to exactly one pixel on screen.

The new render surface needs a system EGL library (see Changes for Package Maintainers ). On GPU drivers that can't export DMABUFs, Ghostty falls back to copying frames through the CPU, which is slower but works.

Kitty Clipboard Protocol

PRs: #13962 #13993 #13995 #13998 #14002 #14061

Ghostty now implements the Kitty clipboard protocol (OSC 5522) on both macOS and GTK. Ghostty 1.3 could parse the protocol but didn't implement it.

OSC 52 can only read and write plain text. The Kitty clipboard protocol lets programs running in the terminal read and write any kind of clipboard data, such as images or HTML, and lets them pick among the formats on the clipboard. Programs can also enable paste events (mode 5522), which tell the program what formats a paste contains so it can read the one it wants. This is how a terminal program can accept a pasted image, for example.

Clipboard access follows the existing clipboard-read and clipboard-write configurations. By default, reads prompt for permission and writes are allowed. The permission prompt shows a preview of the clipboard contents, including images. Programs that send a password can have your answer remembered for the rest of that terminal session. A new clipboard-write-limit-bytes configuration limits the size of a single write (default 64 MiB). A write over the limit fails and leaves the clipboard untouched.

Split Drag and Drop (GTK)

You can now rearrange splits on GTK by dragging them, matching the macOS feature introduced in Ghostty 1.3. When a tab has two or more splits, each split shows a drag handle at the top. Grab the handle and drop the split onto any other split, including splits in other tabs and windows. An overlay shows which side of the target split it will land on. The terminal contents, working directory, and running processes all move with it.

A new drag-handle configuration controls when drag handles are shown on both macOS and GTK: auto (default), always , or never . With never , splits can't be rearranged with the mouse. Hiding the handles was a common request from users who found them in the way.

On GTK, splits can only be dropped onto other splits. Dragging a split out to create a new tab or window is macOS-only.

Terminal Emulation Accuracy

PRs: #14454 #13494 #14483 #14538 #14673 #14375 #14144

Ghostty 1.4 includes dozens of improvements to core terminal emulation. We now run esctest , Thomas Dickey's terminal conformance suite, against Ghostty's terminal core in CI. Alongside that, we fixed many differences from xterm in cursor movement within margins, tab stops, character sets, mode reports, and more. You can find the full list of related changes in the terminal capabilities section.

Ghostty also supports several new sequences, including soft terminal reset (DECSTR), extended cursor position reports (DECXCPR), backarrow key mode (DECBKM), and screen size reports in characters ( CSI 19 t ). Programs can also now ask whether the terminal is visible using visibility reports (mode 2033), so they can stop rendering while hidden.

Keyboard encoding also matches xterm more closely, with fixes for modifyOtherKeys mode 2 and legacy Alt-as-Escape encoding of non-ASCII keys.

Two new sequences are disabled by default because they can be abused by untrusted programs, including ones running on a remote machine:

SSH Integration with ghostty +ssh

PRs: #12582 #12814 #13533 #13844 #14472 #14854

Ghostty 1.2 introduced SSH shell integration features as a work in progress. In Ghostty 1.4, they're backed by a new ghostty +ssh CLI action: a drop-in ssh wrapper that prepares the remote session for Ghostty and then runs the real ssh with your arguments forwarded unchanged.

Before connecting, +ssh installs Ghostty's terminfo on the remote host so the proper xterm-ghostty TERM value can be used, and forwards COLORTERM , TERM_PROGRAM , and TERM_PROGRAM_VERSION . If the terminfo install fails (for example, tic isn't available on the remote), it falls back to TERM=xterm-256color . Flags such as --terminfo=false , --forward-env=false , and --verbose control each step.

The ssh-env and ssh-terminfo shell integration features (still opt-in) now call +ssh too. Previously, each shell integration carried its own copy of this logic, which made up roughly a third of our shell integration scripts. Now bash, zsh, fish, elvish, and Nushell all behave identically, and you can get the same behavior from scripts or anywhere else by calling ghostty +ssh directly.

The terminfo install itself is also more reliable. Ghostty now always installs its own bundled terminfo rather than accepting whatever xterm-ghostty entry the remote already has, and it reinstalls automatically when a Ghostty update changes the terminfo. It also no longer needs infocmp or Ghostty's terminfo on the local machine. Installs are cached per host and port, so two machines behind one address no longer a cache entry. And ssh-env no longer silently overrides SetEnv entries in your ~/.ssh/config ( #11518 ).

The +ssh-cache command that manages this cache now takes positional destinations ( ghostty +ssh-cache [email protected] ) and has a new --prune=30d flag. See the breaking changes if you script against +ssh-cache .

macOS: The minimum required macOS version for Ghostty 1.4 remains unchanged (macOS 13 Ventura). Ghostty is now compatible with macOS 27.

GTK: Ghostty 1.4 requires GTK 4.18 and libadwaita 1.7 , up from GTK 4.14 and libadwaita 1.5 in Ghostty 1.3. This aligns with our GTK/Adwaita version policy . Notably, Ubuntu 24.04 LTS doesn't meet this requirement. Systems with older GTK or Adwaita versions can work around this requirement by using an older version of Ghostty or the Flatpak package. #14330

OpenGL (GTK): The minimum required OpenGL version remains 4.3, but Ghostty now renders through EGL instead of GTK's OpenGL widget. This should be invisible for nearly everyone, but if Ghostty fails to start with an EGL error, please make sure your GPU driver provides a working EGL implementation.

Important We previously announced that Ghostty 1.4 would require macOS 14. Nothing forced our hand to do this in this release, so we kept macOS 13 support. We still plan to drop macOS 13 in a future release. Apple dropped security support for macOS 13 in the fall of 2025, so we recommend upgrading regardless.

We previously announced that Ghostty 1.4 would require macOS 14. Nothing forced our hand to do this in this release, so we kept macOS 13 support. We still plan to drop macOS 13 in a future release. Apple dropped security support for macOS 13 in the fall of 2025, so we recommend upgrading regardless.

The following behaviors have changed in 1.4.0:

copy-on-select has been reworked and now accepts none , primary , clipboard , or both . The meaning of clipboard has changed: it previously copied to both the selection clipboard and the system clipboard, and now copies only to the system clipboard. If you set copy-on-select = clipboard and want the old behavior, change it to both . #12600 #12604

macOS: copy-on-select now defaults to none (previously true ), so selecting text no longer copies it anywhere and middle-click paste of the selection no longer works by default. To restore the 1.3 behavior, set copy-on-select = primary . Note that an explicit copy-on-select = true on macOS now copies selections to the system clipboard, which is different from 1.3. #12600 #12604

macOS: cmd+arrow_up and cmd+arrow_down now run jump_to_prompt again, matching Terminal.app and Ghostty 1.2. In 1.3, these keys were hardcoded to scroll to the top and bottom and couldn't be rebound. To keep the 1.3 behavior, set keybind = cmd+arrow_up=scroll_to_top and keybind = cmd+arrow_down=scroll_to_bottom . #12245

GTK: The default ctrl+shift+page_up and ctrl+shift+page_down keybinds now move the current tab left and right ( move_tab ), matching Firefox, GNOME Terminal, and VS Code. jump_to_prompt moved to ctrl+shift+arrow_up and ctrl+shift+arrow_down , so programs running in the terminal no longer receive those keys. If a program you use needs them, unbind them with keybind = ctrl+shift+arrow_up=unbind and keybind = ctrl+shift+arrow_down=unbind . #4998 #12458

The list below contains deprecations that remain compatible today through a compatibility layer, but may break in a future release if they are ignored:

scrollback-limit has been renamed to scrollback-limit-bytes , to make room for the new scrollback-limit-lines . #13473

copy-on-select = true is replaced with copy-on-select = primary on Linux and FreeBSD, or copy-on-select = clipboard on macOS. copy-on-select = false is replaced with copy-on-select = none . #12600 #12604

There is no set timeline to remove these deprecations, but we recommend adapting to the new configurations sooner rather than later to avoid any possible disruptions in the future.

Scrollback history is now transparently compressed while the terminal is idle, reducing the physical memory used by compressed scrollback by 70% to 90% for typical text. Compression is available on macOS and 64-bit Linux and can be disabled with the new scrollback-compression configuration. Because of this, the default scrollback limit has been raised from 10 MB to 50 MB, which on average still uses less memory than a full scrollback did previously. #13264

A new configuration scrollback-limit-lines limits scrollback by number of lines instead of bytes. The existing scrollback-limit configuration has been renamed to scrollback-limit-bytes (the old name continues to work). If both are set, the first limit reached applies, and both accept unlimited . #13473

copy-on-select now accepts none , primary , clipboard , and both and no longer affects middle-click paste (see middle-click-action ). clipboard now copies only to the system clipboard, so use both for the behavior. The default on macOS is now none . See the breaking changes for migration details. #12600

A new configuration middle-click-action configures the behavior of middle-clicking: primary-paste (default) pastes from the selection clipboard, clipboard-paste pastes from the system clipboard, and ignore does nothing. #12478

A new binding action move_tab_to_new_window moves the current tab into a new window of its own. It is also available in the command palette. #2630

A new CLI command +explain-config prints the documentation for a configuration option or binding action, e.g. ghostty +explain-config font-size . #11546

The +explain-config and +show-config CLI commands now page their output through $GHOSTTY_PAGER or $PAGER (falling back to less ) when run interactively. Paging can be disabled with --no-pager or by setting the pager to an empty value. #11940

A new configuration drag-handle controls when the split drag handles are shown: auto (default), always , or never . #13706 #13709

Scrollback now wraps around when navigating past the first or last match. #11449

A new configuration link-osc8 (default true ) can be set to false to disable OSC 8 hyperlinks entirely. Disabled OSC 8 hyperlinks are not highlighted, previewed, copied, or opened. #13634

Processes running in Ghostty now receive a GHOSTTY_SURFACE_ID environment variable that uniquely identifies the terminal they are running in. #12027

The right-click context now has a "Close Split" item. #11173 #11174

Upgrade to Unicode 18. #14293

I/O throughput is 25% to 55% higher on macOS by reading from the pty concurrently with parsing previously read output. #13209

VT processing is significantly faster across the board. Plain text is up to ~6x faster, real-world output (measured against a large asciinema dataset) is ~24% faster, grapheme-heavy output is ~3x faster, and DEC special graphics (line drawing), repeated characters ( REP ), hyperlink-heavy output, and scroll regions are all faster. #13220 #13226 #13231 #13294 #13625 #13826 #14356

Large OSC sequences, such as OSC 52 clipboard writes, are parsed ~30x faster and small OSC sequences, such as title changes, ~6x faster. #14011 #13565

Resizing with reflow is ~6x faster with large scrollback and 3x to 5x faster with scrollback heavy in wide characters such as CJK or emoji. #13537 #13827

Terminals use significantly less memory. A new terminal now uses ~16 KiB of physical memory for its screen instead of 128 KiB on macOS, every terminal page uses 30% less memory, and memory freed from scrollback (such as by clearing it) is now returned to the operating system. #13240 #13245 #14130 #14137 #14138

Kitty graphics are faster. Large image transfers are parsed in bulk using SIMD, zlib-compressed images decompress ~17% faster, pixel format conversion avoids an extra copy, and the per-frame cost of drawing images is much lower, especially with Unicode placeholder images on screen or long scrollback. #13270 #13281 #13987 #14422 #14780 #14789

Formatting terminal contents is 1.5x to 8x faster, which speeds up clipboard copy (plain, HTML, and VT), write_screen_file and related actions, and scrollback . #13587

The renderer holds the terminal lock 2.7x to 11x less time per frame, and glyph and font lookups are faster. #13227 #14300 #14301 #14420 #14406 #13258

command-palette-entry = clear removes all command palette entries, including the default entries. #12682

window-padding-balance has a new value equal that balances padding equally on all four sides without capping the top padding. #11491

theme now expands ~ to the directory in theme file paths, including in separate light and dark themes. #13840

+list-themes now supports g and G to jump to the first and last theme, and ctrl+d and ctrl+u to page down and up. #13681 #14607

The terminal inspector can now copy terminal I/O events or export them to a file. #13519

Bundled themes updated to release-20261019-151001-86a776d . This adds 356 new themes and renames or removes none. The colors of 10 existing themes changed upstream: Adwaita, Adwaita Dark, Atom One Light, Catppuccin Frappe, Catppuccin Latte, Catppuccin Macchiato, Catppuccin Mocha, Cursor Dark, Dark Modern, and Electron Highlighter.

Fix configuration parsing silently ignoring all settings after a or blank line that happened to end at an internal buffer boundary. This typically only affected long configuration files. #13638

Fix a performance degradation where, after a long uptime, the renderer rebuilt its full terminal state on every frame. #13585

Fix the automatically created configuration file being empty instead of containing the configuration template. #13774

+edit-config works when $EDITOR or $VISUAL contains arguments, such as zed --new . #11897

adjust-cursor-height works again. #13225

Mouse selection improvements: dragging after a ctrl / cmd triple-click output selection now extends the selection by command output, autoscroll stops when the screen switches (e.g. to the alternate screen), a force touch on macOS selects the word at the press location without starting a drag, and releasing a drag no longer activates a link or prompt click. #12830

Double-click word selection no longer continues across hard line breaks, and double-clicking either half of a wide character (such as CJK) selects the whole word. #14354 #14391

Wide characters at the edges of a selection are now consistently rendered as selected and included when copying, including when the wide character wraps onto a new internal page. #14632 #14651

Triple-click line selection no longer pulls in neighboring prompt text when clicking blank cells between OSC 133 prompt boundaries. #14553

Link detection and double-click selection no longer merge prompt text with the command text to it when shell integration is active. #12435

File paths opened with cmd / ctrl -click no longer include trailing spaces, which broke opening paths printed by some TUIs. #13505

Mouse releases are now reported to the program that received the mouse press when clicking at a shell prompt with click-to-move enabled. This fixes double-click selection in programs like fzf's ctrl+r history . #14710

Shell redraws after a resize are no longer processed at the old terminal size. This fixes one cause of duplicated or misplaced prompts after resizing. #14706

Scrolling, such as clicking in the scrollbar, now works with very large scrollback (millions of lines). #13048

Custom command-palette-entry actions with string parameters, such as set_tab_title , no longer have their parameters escaped when run from the command palette. #13609

HTML clipboard copies no longer include a superfluous trailing newline. #13543

Copying as VT ( copy_to_clipboard:vt ) and VT screen files now preserve OSC 8 hyperlinks, empty gaps between text, and cells that only have a background color, such as colored status bars. VT screen files also keep trailing blank rows. #14711 #14725 #14766

The mouse pointer now restores the shape set by the running program (OSC 22) after releasing modifier keys instead of resetting to the default. #14128

Custom shaders no longer receive swapped selection foreground and background color uniforms. #14460

Ghostty no longer floods the logs with "adjusting page capacity" messages during output with many styles, graphemes, or hyperlinks. #14631

Fix stale wrap and prompt state on rows reused after scrolling or erasing, which could cause incorrect copy, , selection, and reflow results. #14010

Fix stale rendering of the row after erasing or deleting a wrapped wide character. #14054

Fix a freeze when reloading the configuration while a program is flooding the terminal with queries, such as color queries. #14833

+list-themes no longer crashes on some keys when the matches no themes, and the keypad down key now moves one row instead of 21. #14612 #14605

Fix crashes in scrollback after clearing the scrollback, resizing, or erasing history. #11957 #13274 #13282

Fix crashes and viewport corruption when resizing with scrolled-back history or with the cursor near the bottom of the screen. #12300 #12907 #12935

Fix a use-after-free crash when clicking or selecting text during heavy output. #12463

Fix a possible crash when reflowing hyperlinks during a resize. #13524

Fix possible crashes or memory corruption when scrolling or erasing rows across a page boundary that needed more capacity. #13394 #13397

Fix possible crashes and memory corruption found via fuzzing when printing causes a page to grow, or after clearing the screen into scrollback. #11261 #13997

Fix many latent crashes and undefined behavior in selection, pins, , title and working directory updates, and resize error handling. #12894 #13275 #13278 #13367

Fix a possible crash or corrupted input when many pty writes are queued, such as during large pastes. #13659

Fix an out-of-bounds access when IME preedit text with wide characters is composed between existing wide characters, such as with Korean input. #12479

Fix a crash when pressing or releasing mouse button 11. #14759

Fix the write_screen_file , write_scrollback_file , and write_selection_file actions leaking two file descriptors on each use, which could eventually prevent opening new terminals. #13644

Fix memory and file descriptor leaks in terminal I/O, including for writes in read-only mode and files read via the input configuration. #13574 #13579 #13931

Terminal Capabilities

vt: Kitty graphics animation is now fully supported: frame transmission, composition, animation control, and rendering. #5255 #13943

vt: Kitty graphics relative placements ( P= , Q= , H= , V= ) are now supported, allowing images to be positioned relative to other images. #13939

vt: Support the Kitty graphics transient image usage hint. Transient images are evicted first when image storage is full. #13389

vt: The Kitty clipboard protocol (OSC 5522) is now implemented on macOS and GTK, including paste events (mode 5522). Reads and writes follow clipboard-read and clipboard-write , and a new clipboard-write-limit-bytes configuration limits the size of a single write. #10549 #13962 #13993 #13995 #13998 #14002 #14061

vt: Support visibility reports (mode 2033 and CSI ? 998 n ), which tell programs when the terminal is not visible, such as in a background tab or on another workspace, so they can stop rendering. #13494

vt: Programs can resize the window with the xterm CSI 8 ; rows ; cols t sequence if the new vt-window-resize-allowed configuration is enabled (default off). The request is ignored in splits, windows with multiple tabs, the quick terminal, and fullscreen, maximized, or tiled windows. #1115 #14375

vt: Support OSC 133 click_events=2 , which reports prompt clicks with row coordinates relative to the prompt. #10865 #12953

vt: Support soft terminal reset (DECSTR, CSI ! p ), which resets modes, margins, and text attributes without clearing the screen. #14538

vt: Support backarrow key mode (DECBKM, mode 67), which lets programs choose whether backspace sends DEL ( 0x7f , the default) or BS ( 0x08 ). #12226

vt: Support the DECRQCRA and XTCHECKSUM screen checksum reports, which are mostly used by terminal test suites. Because a program can use these to read the screen contents, they are disabled unless the new vt-xt-checksum-report configuration is enabled. The new vt-xt-checksum-extension configuration controls how the checksum is calculated. #14483

vt: Respond to CSI 19 t (report screen size in characters) and to DECXCPR ( CSI ? 6 n ) extended cursor position requests. #14633 #14673

vt: DECRQM now answers ANSI mode queries ( CSI Ps $ p ), reports DECECM and other unimplemented ANSI modes as permanently reset like xterm, and no longer truncates mode numbers above 32767 in its . #12505 #14236 #14237 #14672

vt: Ghostty terminfo now advertises overline support ( Smol / Rmol ), which lets tmux pass overlines through. DECRQSS SGR replies now include overline and curly, double, dotted, and dashed underline styles. #13649 #13653 #13470

vt: The terminfo Se capability now resets the cursor to the configured cursor-style instead of a steady block. This fixes programs like Neovim leaving a block cursor behind on exit. #12482

vt: OSC payloads are now limited to 8 MiB, Kitty graphics payloads to 65 MiB, and each cell to 64 combining codepoints, so terminal output can't easily exhaust memory. This also fixes a memory leak on invalid Kitty graphics data. #12349 #13633

vt: Experimental support for the Glyph Protocol (APC 25a1 ), which lets programs register custom glyphs. Ghostty parses and answers requests but doesn't render registered glyphs yet. #12352 #12930 #12937

vt: Parse the new program status protocol (OSC 7501), which lets programs report whether they are idle, working, done, blocked, or failed. This is the first terminal specification pioneered by the Ghostty project. libghostty can parse it all, but the Ghostty GUI ignores it for now. #14560

vt: Parse (but do not implement) the Kitty desktop notification protocol (OSC 99). #10467

vt: Parse (but do not implement) the Kitty drag and drop protocol (OSC 72). #13029

vt: More tmux control mode fixes, including crashes that running tmux -CC could trigger. tmux control mode is still not hooked up to the GUI. #11395 #11935 #14262 #14680

vt: Clearing the screen at a prompt (e.g. ctrl+l in bash or zsh) now moves prior output into scrollback even when the prompt is not on the last row. Previously, the output was erased. #14660 #14668

vt: Kitty graphics: transmitting an image with an existing ID now replaces the image and removes its old placements, as the spec requires. Interrupted or failed retransmissions no longer leave stale images on screen. #6711 #13723 #13893

vt: Kitty graphics: images now move with the text when a program scrolls with CSI S , CSI T , or scroll margins, and are clipped to the scroll region. #4323 #13935

vt: Kitty graphics: automatically assigned image IDs no longer collide with IDs chosen by the program. #2197 #13934

vt: Kitty graphics: delete commands now match the spec and Kitty. Point deletes ( d=p , d=c ) only remove placements at that cell, d=a only removes placements on the visible screen, range deletes accept empty ranges, and deleting a missing placement no longer frees the image. #13652 #13895 #13898 #13932

vt: Kitty graphics: command validation and responses now match Kitty. This fixes missing responses for invalid image data that could hang clients, false positive query replies, lost IDs in chunked transfer replies, file transfers with an exact S size, and loads interrupted by a non-chunk transmission. #13889 #13892 #13896 #13897 #13933 #14811

vt: Kitty graphics: cropped source rectangles are no longer stretched, and X / Y offsets are kept within the first cell. #13890 #13891

vt: Kitty graphics: the cursor moves after tall images like Kitty does, so consecutive images no longer overlap. #13887

vt: Full reset (RIS) no longer resets image-storage-limit to the default. #13951

vt: OSC and APC sequences (such as Kitty graphics commands) canceled by CAN or SUB, or aborted by another control character, are now discarded instead of executed, matching xterm. #14453 #14812

vt: With modifyOtherKeys level 2, control keys, keypad keys, and alt+escape now encode like xterm. F13 to F25, Help, and now send xterm's function key sequences in all legacy encoding modes. #14144 #14145

vt: Legacy alt-as-escape encoding now sends the full UTF-8 sequence for non-ASCII keys. #14146

vt: Kitty keyboard protocol release events no longer repeat the typed text for dead keys or level 5 keys on GTK, which caused duplicated characters in programs like Neovim. #13861

vt: ctrl+alt+shift+backspace now sends ESC BS in legacy key encoding, matching xterm. #14508

vt: UTF-8 mouse mode (1005) now encodes the button correctly, fixing invalid reports for the back and forward mouse buttons. #14532

vt: Foreground, background, and cursor colors reset with OSC 110, 111, or 112 now follow later configuration changes, such as a light/dark theme switch. #13650

vt: Full reset (RIS) now restores palette colors changed with OSC 4. #14480

vt: An empty OSC 22 now resets the mouse pointer shape to the default. #14495

vt: Long desktop notifications (OSC 9 and OSC 777) with multibyte UTF-8 text are no longer dropped or shown as invalid UTF-8 when truncated. #13795 #13811

vt: DCS strings now carry UTF-8 data. Previously, some UTF-8 bytes were dropped, ended the string early, or started a new control sequence. #14016

vt: C0 controls 0x10 to 0x1F are now executed instead of printed as text, and UTF-8 encoded C1 controls are ignored, matching xterm. #14022 #14023

vt: Erasing a full line ( CSI 2 K ) now clears its soft-wrap state, so erased rows no longer join together when the window is resized. #13637

vt: The cursor and saved cursor keep the correct position when a resize reflows text, fixing an extra line wrap or overwritten text after resizing. #12598 #14458 #14478

vt: Variation selectors (VS15/VS16) now apply to the preceding codepoint, fixing the rendering of some ZWJ emoji such as the pirate flag. #12596

vt: Combining marks printed after a character in the last column now attach to that character. #12581

vt: Characters above U+00FF, such as emoji, now print as-is instead of as a blank while a non-UTF-8 character set such as DEC line drawing is active. #14554

vt: Single shifts (SS2/SS3) now apply only to the printed character. #14576

vt: Tab clear (TBC) fixes: CSI 0 g no longer sets a tab stop where there wasn't one, and CSI g with no parameter clears the tab stop at the cursor. #13900 #14644

vt: Printing with autowrap (DECAWM) disabled clears the pending wrap, so re-enabling autowrap doesn't cause a spurious line wrap. #14652

vt: With reverse wrap enabled, moving left after restoring a cursor with a pending wrap no longer jumps the cursor. #14390

vt: Cursor movement respects margins and origin mode: CUB and backspace stop at the left margin, and CHA, HPA, VPA, HPR, and VPR no longer apply the margin offset twice in origin mode. #14761 #14762

vt: Fix a crash when VS15 narrows a wide character under the cursor. #13631

vt: Fix a crash or memory corruption after narrowing the terminal cuts a wide character in half on the alternate screen or with wraparound disabled. #14509

vt: Fix a crash when a grapheme cluster widens in the last column and wraps inside or below a scroll region with grapheme clustering (mode 2027) enabled. #14552

vt: Fix a slow memory and performance leak in graphics-heavy sessions where evicted Kitty images left their placements' tracked positions behind. #13656

vt: Fix a memory leak when an OSC color sequence contains more than two requests. #13239

A new ghostty +ssh CLI action wraps ssh and sets up Ghostty on remote hosts: it forwards Ghostty's environment and installs Ghostty's terminfo on the first connection to each host, caching successful installs. It can be used directly ( ghostty +ssh [email protected] ) or as an alias ( alias ssh='ghostty +ssh --' ) without shell integration. The ssh-env and ssh-terminfo shell integration features now use it for every shell. #12582

ssh-terminfo now always installs Ghostty's bundled terminfo on remote hosts instead of keeping an existing, possibly outdated, xterm-ghostty entry, and reinstalls it when a newer Ghostty changes its terminfo. #13844

ghostty +ssh-cache has been reworked with positional destinations, a new --prune option, consistent output and exit codes, and error messages that name the cache file. See the breaking changes above. #12814 #13533

ssh-terminfo now tells apart the same host on different ports, so terminfo is installed on each of them. ghostty +ssh-cache accepts host:port destinations. #14472

ssh-env no longer overrides SetEnv entries in your ~/.ssh/config . #11518 #14854

bash: Failed commands now report their real exit status on Bash 4.4+, so command finished notifications no longer report every command as successful. #14247 #14250

nu: Tab completion for ssh and sudo now works with external completers such as carapace. #13310

bash: The bundled bash-preexec, used only for Bash versions older than 4.4 such as macOS's /bin/bash , has been updated to 0.7.0. #14120

zsh: Fix a stray { in the prompt and broken prompt marking when PS1 or PS2 ends with a bare % . #11832

bash: Fix "command not found" errors in subshells that inherit PROMPT_COMMAND . #11690

bash: Fix a syntax error when an existing PROMPT_COMMAND ends with a newline. #11621

bash: Fix extra blank lines at the prompt when using ble.sh. #11644

bash: Fix the shell integration hook being added twice when it is sourced again with an array PROMPT_COMMAND . #14266

macOS: Support macOS 27. This fixes the layout and background color of titlebar tabs, a thin border around the app icon, hidden titlebars covering the top lines of the terminal with Reduce Transparency enabled, and the Shortcuts "New Window" action opening two windows. #13001 #13390 #14107 #14411 #12999 #13069

macOS: When a terminal's process exits, a native bar now appears at the bottom of the terminal instead of text being written into the terminal. Commands that fail or exit faster than abnormal-command-exit-runtime are highlighted in red. #7649 #12251

macOS: Quitting, or closing a window, when multiple windows or tabs have running processes now offers "Review Windows...", which steps through each one so you can decide what to close. #12742 #14062

macOS: The command palette now highlights matching text, matches initials, searches action descriptions, and ranks results by where they matched. #12264 #13610 #13624

macOS: The bar now remembers the last and shares it with other apps through the system find pasteboard, like Safari and Terminal.app. #12516 #12712

macOS: Screen readers such as VoiceOver are now notified when the selection changes instead of reading a stale selection. #12902

macOS: The AppleScript terminal class and the Shortcuts terminal entity now expose pid (of the foreground process) and tty . #11592 #10756 #11922

macOS: AppleScript tabs and terminals have a new read-write name override property to set or clear a custom title. #12048 #14733

macOS: Middle-clicking a tab closes it with macos-titlebar-style = tabs . #11962 #11963

macOS: The version in the window now links to the release notes for that version. #11964

macOS: Updates that are downloaded and installed automatically no longer prompt you to restart. Checking for updates manually still offers to restart. #13623

macOS: toggle_background_opacity now applies to every tab in the window, and new windows inherit the current state. #11583

macOS: cmd+arrow_up and cmd+arrow_down now run their configured keybinds, which default to jump_to_prompt . Ghostty 1.3 always scrolled to the top or bottom of the scrollback instead, ignoring the configuration. To scroll to the top or bottom, use cmd+ and cmd+end . #12245

macOS: In the configuration errors window, Return reloads the configuration and Escape ignores the errors. #12601

macOS: Ghostty launches 15% faster to a visible window and draws its first frame 27% sooner. #13722

macOS: Terminals that aren't visible, such as background tabs, now release their GPU resources and rebuild them when shown again. With 20 background tabs, GPU memory drops from 385 MiB to 18 MiB. Metal buffers also no longer over-allocate when they grow. #14017 #13490

macOS: Lower idle CPU and energy use. The display link now pauses when there is nothing to draw, and unfocused terminals that are animating draw at most once per display refresh instead of once per write. #14035 #14068

macOS: Update Sparkle to 2.9.6, which fixes several security advisories in Sparkle, including CVE-2026-47121 and CVE-2026-47122. #14072 #14082

macOS: Global keybinds no longer stop working after macOS disables Ghostty's event tap. #12294 #12714

macOS: Fix IME composition issues. Korean text being composed is now committed instead of lost when pressing an arrow key, and control-key IME shortcuts such as Japanese input's ctrl+j no longer send control characters to the terminal. #11461 #12447 #12518 #12547

macOS: Text from input methods, dictation, and the emoji picker is now sent as typed input instead of pasted text. Programs no longer treat dictation as a paste, and switching input sources mid-composition sends the pending text as keys, matching Terminal.app. #13195 #13222 #13817

macOS: Unicode Hex Input can now enter characters outside the Basic Multilingual Plane, such as emoji, typed as surrogate pairs. #13733 #13737

macOS: font-thicken now also applies to IME preedit text. #14230

macOS: option+backspace and other modified Backspace keys now report their modifiers with the Kitty keyboard protocol instead of sending a bare DEL. #13871

macOS: Pasting and dropping text now prefer plain text over URLs, so a path copied from apps like Transmit pastes as a path instead of an sftp:// URL. #13152 #13170 #13212

macOS: The bar keeps focus when you click in it or on the / buttons, and the terminal's focus state is now correct while is open. #11872 #11978

macOS: The Find and Find items and the navigate_search and end_search keybinds now work correctly, including while the field is focused. #12070 #12492

macOS: Pressing Enter in the bar no longer blocks confirming an IME candidate. #12781

macOS: Clicking a command palette entry with the mouse now runs it instead of closing the palette. #11665

macOS: The command palette now gets focus and paste when opened from the inline tab title editor. #12524

macOS: Holding cmd+t to create many tabs now leaves the newest tab focused. #13725 #13985

macOS: Fix an empty "ghost" tab or window that could appear when a tab was closed right after it was opened. #12119

macOS: Titlebar tabs no longer disappear after creating a tab from "Show All Tabs". #12949 #13017

macOS: Double-clicking the window title now zooms the window with macos-titlebar-style = tabs . #12219

macOS: Moving a tab with macos-titlebar-style = tabs on macOS 26 no longer briefly shows the neighboring tab. #14847

macOS: The inline tab title editor stays in place while the window is resized. #12220

macOS: Fix tabs flashing when switching tabs after a program changed the background color with OSC 11, and the window chrome keeping the old color after a light/dark theme switch. #12825 #12828 #12822

macOS: The macos-glass-regular and macos-glass-clear options for background-blur now layer the glass over the background color, and focused windows are no longer less transparent than unfocused ones. #13914 #13928

macOS: The native titlebar no longer cuts off the end of the title when using a custom window-title-font-family . #14135 #14217

macOS: Fix terminals rendering at a stale size under heavy system load or during rapid resizes from window managers. #12143

macOS: Splits dragged into another tab or window now render immediately, and the source window keeps keyboard focus. #12343 #12338

macOS: The split zoom indicator no longer stays visible after the other splits of a zoomed split are closed, such as with AppleScript. #14703

macOS: The split divider now uses the standard row and column resize pointers. #13433

macOS: window-save-state = never now also stops macOS from taking window restoration snapshots, which could stall focus changes between windows. #14506

macOS: Window state saved by Ghostty 1.2 or later is now migrated, so windows and tabs are restored after updating Ghostty. #12461

macOS: Tabs created while the screen is locked now initialize correctly. #13639

macOS: Quitting now asks for confirmation when windows with running processes are minimized or the quick terminal is hidden. #13686

macOS: OSC 52 clipboard read confirmations no longer steal focus. If the terminal is unfocused, Ghostty rings the bell and shows the prompt when you return to it. #13744

macOS: Splits in the quick terminal now also set GHOSTTY_QUICK_TERMINAL=1 . #12895 #12896

macOS: The quick terminal no longer reopens at a stale size after a display is reconnected at a different resolution. #13250

macOS: The "New Ghostty Tab Here" and "New Ghostty Window Here" services now open the correct directory when given a plain-text path. #12727 #12731

macOS: Working directories passed from Services, Shortcuts, and AppleScript are now normalized, fixing Nushell and zsh %1~ prompts. #12614 #14051

macOS: ghostty -e no longer opens the command's file arguments as extra terminals, e.g. ghostty -e vim file.txt . #13748

macOS: Opening a .command file from Finder no longer corrupts non-ASCII characters in its path. #13862

macOS: The Shortcuts terminal entity now reports the correct kind, title, working directory, and screenshot for new terminals. #13007

macOS: The Shortcuts "New Terminal" action now works with commands that have arguments and with a command field that was cleared. #12391 #12392

macOS: AppleScript send key now works for character keys, not only special keys like enter , and respects macos-option-as-alt . #13205

macOS: Update pill fixes: update errors are now shown, "Install and Relaunch" no longer asks for confirmation, and the cancel option is hidden once an update can no longer be canceled. #13540 #13562 #13612

macOS: The default app icon follows the system icon style again after changing it in System Settings, and custom icons now apply to the app in Finder. #12180 #12344

macOS: The dock icon bell badge now appears when notification permission was granted earlier without badge permission. #12133

macOS: The Copy item is disabled when nothing is selected. #12521

macOS: items now show the correct shortcut for keybinds on physical keys (e.g. super+backquote ), uppercase letters, forward delete, and the scroll_to_selection and search_selection actions. #13888 #12039 #12011 #12281

macOS: The secure input indicator's popover arrow now points at the icon. #12249

macOS: Fix a rare permanent freeze after waking from sleep or changing displays. macOS did not mark the app as "Not Responding", so it could only be killed. #14691

macOS: Fix a crash when closing a tab, most easily triggered with...