Public Statement Scholars Warn Of Potential Genocide In Gaza

On 15 October 2023, over 800 scholars and practitioners of international law, conflict studies and genocide studies signed a public statement warning of the possibility of genocide being perpetrated by Israeli forces against Palestinians in the Gaza Strip. Signatories include prominent Holocaust and genocide studies scholars, as well as many international law and TWAIL scholars. The text of the statement and list of signatures (updated on 20 October 2023) is below, and a pdf version can be accessed here .

Public Statement: Scholars Warn of Potential Genocide in Gaza

As scholars and practitioners of international law, conflict studies and genocide studies, we are compelled to sound the alarm the possibility of the crime of genocide being perpetrated by Israeli forces against Palestinians in the Gaza Strip. We do not do so lightly, recognising the weight of this crime, but the gravity of the current situation demands it.

The pre-existing conditions in the Gaza Strip had already prompted discussions of genocide prior to the current escalation – such as by the National Lawyers Guild in 2014, the Russell Tribunal on Palestine in 2014, and the Center for Constitutional Rights in 2016. Scholars have warned over the years that the siege of Gaza may amount to a “ prelude to genocide ” or a “ slow-motion genocide ”. The prevalence of racist and dehumanising language and hate speech in social media was also noted in a warning issued in July 2014 by the UN Special Adviser on the Prevention of Genocide and Special Adviser on the Responsibility to Protect, in response to Israel’s conduct against the protected Palestinian population. The Special Advisers noted that individual Israelis had disseminated messages that could be dehumanising to the Palestinians and that had called for the killing of members of this group, and reiterated that incitement to commit atrocity crimes is prohibited under international law.

Israel’s current military offensive on the Gaza Strip since 7 October 2023, however, is unprecedented in scale and severity, and consequently in its ramifications for the population of Gaza. Following the incursion by Palestinian armed groups on 7 October 2023, including criminal attacks against Israeli civilians, the Gaza Strip has been subjected to incessant and indiscriminate bombardment by Israeli forces. Between 7 October and 9:00 a.m. on 15 October, there have been 2,329 Palestinians killed and 9,042 Palestinians injured in Israeli attacks on Gaza, including over 724 children, huge swathes of neighbourhoods and entire families across Gaza have been obliterated. Israel’s Defence Minister ordered a “complete siege” of the Gaza Strip prohibiting the supply of fuel, electricity, water and other essential necessities. This terminology itself indicates an intensification of an already illegal, potentially genocidal siege to an outright destructive assault.

Late on 12 October, the Israeli authorities issued an order for more than 1.1million Palestinians in Gaza City and the northern Gaza Strip to leave their homes and flee to the south of Gaza within 24 hours, knowing that this would be practically impossible for many. Palestinians who did start to evacuate south reported that civilians and ambulances were targeted and hit by Israeli airstrikes on the designated “safe route”, killing at least 70 Palestinians who were fleeing to seek refuge. The ICRC stated that “the evacuation orders, coupled with the complete siege” are incompatible with international humanitarian law. Almost half a million Palestinians have already been displaced, and Israeli forces have bombed the only possible exit route that Israel does not control, the Rafah crossing to Egypt multiple times. The World Health Organisation published a warning that “[f]orcing more than 2000 patients to relocate to southern Gaza, where health facilities are already running at maximum capacity and unable to absorb a dramatic rise in the number patients, could be tantamount to a death sentence”.

There has also been an escalation of violence, arrests, expulsions, and destruction of whole Palestinian communities in the occupied West Bank and Jerusalem. Since 7 October, Israeli settlers, with the backing of the army and police, have attacked and shot Palestinian civilians at point blank range (as documented in the villages of a-Tuwani and Qusra), have invaded their homes and assaulted residents. A number of Palestinian communities have already been forced to abandon their homes, after which settlers arrived and destroyed their property. Between 7 – 15 October, Al-Haq documented the killing by Israeli military and settlers of 55 Palestinians in the West Bank, and more the injury of 1,200 Palestinians there.

Statements of Israeli officials since 7 October 2023 suggest that beyond the killings and restriction of basic conditions for life perpetrated against Palestinians in Gaza, there are also indications that the ongoing and imminent Israeli attacks on the Gaza Strip are being conducted with potentially genocidal intent. Language used by Israeli political and military figures appears to reproduce rhetoric and tropes associated with genocide and incitement to genocide. Dehumanising descriptions of Palestinians have been prevalent. Israeli Defense Minister Yoav Gallant declared on 9 October that “we are fighting human animals and we act accordingly”. He subsequently announced that Israel was moving to “a full-scale response” and that he had “removed every restriction” on Israeli forces, as well as stating : “Gaza won’t return to what it was before. We will eliminate everything.” On 10 October, the head of the Israeli army’s Coordinator of Government Activities in the Territories (COGAT), Maj. Gen. Ghassan Alian, addressed a message directly to Gaza residents: “Human animals must be treated as such. There will be no electricity and no water, there will only be destruction. You wanted hell, you will get hell”. The same day, Israeli army spokesperson Daniel Hagari acknowledged the wanton and intentionally destructive nature of Israel’s bombing campaign in Gaza: “The emphasis is on damage and not on accuracy.”

Since 2007, Israel has defined the Gaza Strip as a whole as an “enemy entity”. On 7 October, Prime Minister Benjamin Netanyahu said that Gazans would pay an “ immense price ” for the actions of Hamas fighters. He asserted that Israel will wage a prolonged offensive and will turn parts of Gaza’s densely populated urban centres “into rubble”. Israel’s President emphasised that the Israeli authorities view the entire Palestinian population of Gaza as responsible for the actions of militant groups, and subject accordingly to collective punishment and unrestricted use of force: “It is an entire nation out there that is responsible. It is not true this rhetoric civilians not being aware, not involved. It’s absolutely not true”. Israeli Minister of Energy and Infrastructure Israel Katz added : “All the civilian population in Gaza is ordered to leave immediately. We will win. They will not receive a drop of water or a single battery until they leave the world.”

Evidence of incitement to genocide has also been present in Israeli public discourse. This ranges from statements by elected officials – such as Knesset member Ariel Kallner’s call on 7 October for “one goal: Nakba! [ catastrophe for Palestinians ] A Nakba that will overshadow the Nakba of 1948” – to public banners displayed in Israeli cities calling for a “victory” signified by “zero population in Gaza” and the “annihilation of Gaza”. On national television, security correspondent Alon Ben David relayed the Israeli military’s plan to destroy Gaza City, Jabaliyya, Beit Lahiya, and Beit Hanun. Such statements are not new and resonate with a wider Israeli discourse showcasing the intent for elimination and genocide against the Palestinian people. Earlier in the year, for example, Israeli Minister of Finance Bezalel Smotrich called Palestinians “repugnant”, “disgusting” and called for “wiping out” the entire Palestinian village of Huwwara in the West Bank.

On 12 October 2023, a group of UN Special Rapporteurs’ condemned “Israel’s indiscriminate military attacks against the already exhausted Palestinian people of Gaza, comprising over 2.3 million people, nearly half of whom are children. They have lived under unlawful blockade for 16 years, and already gone through five major brutal wars, which remain unaccounted for”. The UN experts warned against “the withholding of essential supplies such as food, water, electricity and medicines. Such actions will precipitate a severe humanitarian crisis in Gaza, where its population is now at inescapable risk of starvation. Intentional starvation is a crime against humanity”. On 14 October 2023, the UN Special Rapporteur on the situation of human rights in the occupied Palestinian territory warned against “a repeat of the 1948 Nakba, and the 1967 Naksa, yet on a larger scale” as Israel carries out “mass ethnic cleansing of Palestinians under the fog of war”.

The Palestinian people constitute a national group for the purposes of the Convention on the Prevention and Punishment of the Crime of Genocide (the Genocide Convention). The Palestinians of the Gaza Strip constitute a substantial proportion of the Palestinian nation, and are being targeted by Israel because they are Palestinian. The Palestinian population of Gaza appears to be presently subjected by the Israeli forces and authorities to widespread killing, bodily and mental harm, and unviable conditions of life – against a backdrop of Israeli statements which evidence signs of intent to physically destroy the population.

Article II of the Genocide Convention provides that “genocide means any of the following acts committed with intent to destroy, in whole or in part, a national, ethnical, racial or religious group, as such:

(a) Killing members of the group;

(b) Causing serious bodily or mental harm to members of the group;

(c) Deliberately inflicting on the group conditions of life calculated to bring its physical destruction in whole or in part;

(d) Imposing measures intended to prevent births within the group;

(e) Forcibly transferring children of the group to another group.”

All states are bound as a matter of law by the principle that genocide is a crime prohibited under international law. The International Court of Justice has affirmed that the prohibition of genocide is a peremptory norm of international law from which no derogation is allowed. The Convention provides that individuals who attempt genocide or who incite to genocide “shall be punished, whether they are constitutionally responsible rulers, public officials or private individuals”.

Article I of the Convention on the Prevention and Punishment of the Crime of Genocide provides that: “The Contracting Parties confirm that genocide, whether committed in time of peace or in time of war, is a crime under international law which they undertake to prevent and to punish”. The International Court of Justice has clarified that “a State’s obligation to prevent, and the corresponding duty to act, arise at the instant that the State learns of, or should normally have learned of, the existence of a serious risk that genocide will be committed. From that moment onwards, if the State has available to it means likely to have a deterrent effect on those suspected of preparing genocide, or reasonably suspected of harbouring specific intent ( dolus specialis ), it is under a duty to make such use of these means as the circumstances permit”.

Palestinian human rights organisations , Jewish civil society groups , Holocaust and genocide studies scholars and others have by now warned of an imminent genocide against the Palestinian population in Gaza. We emphasise the existence of a serious risk of genocide being committed in the Gaza Strip.

The undersigned urgently appeal to states to take concrete and meaningful steps to individually and collectively prevent genocidal acts, in line with their legal duty to prevent the crime of genocide. They must protect the Palestinian population, and ensure that Israel refrains from any further incitement to genocide and from the perpetration of conduct prohibited by Article II of the Genocide Convention.

All states should immediately act under Article VIII, and should call upon the competent organs of the United Nations, particularly the UN General Assembly, to take urgent action under the Charter of the United Nations appropriate for the prevention and suppression of acts of genocide. We note specifically the role of the General Assembly here, given that the Security Council is compromised by the United States and the United Kingdom (both permanent veto-holding members) sending military forces to the eastern Mediterranean in support of Israel.

We recall that in 1982, the General Assembly condemned the massacre of Palestinian civilians in the Sabra and Shatila refugee camps as “an act of genocide”. We note also that the state of Palestine is entitled to initiate, in accordance with Article IX of the Genocide Convention, proceedings before the International Court of Justice in order to prevent the perpetration of genocidal acts.

Finally, we call on all relevant UN bodies, including the Office on Genocide Prevention and the Responsibility to Protect, as well as the Office of the Prosecutor of the International Criminal Court to immediately intervene, to carry out the necessary investigations and invoke the necessary warning procedures to protect the Palestinian population from genocide.

Aanchal Saraf, Dartmouth College

Aaron Seymour, Lecturer, University of Technology Sydney

Aasiya Lodhi, Senior Lecturer, University of Westminster.

Abdelghany Sayed, Assistant Lecturer, PhD Candidate, Kent Law School.

Abdullah Omran, PhD student, Indiana University

Abigail Balbale, New York University

Adalmir Marquetti, Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Rio Grande do Sul (PUCRS).

Adam Elliott-Cooper, Lecturer, School of Politics and International Relations, Queen Mary University of London

Adil Hasan Khan, Melbourne Law School

Adrian Carrillo Gomez, PhD student, Deusto University.

Afshin Matin-Asgari, Professor of Middle East history, California State University, Los Angeles

Ahmad Al-Dissi, Professor, University of Saskatchewan

Ahmad Fouad, Lecturer of Law, the British University in Egypt

Ahmad Khaled, PhD, Assistant Professor of Public Law, Birzeit University.

Ahmad Mustafa, Ph.D. student at the University of Kansas

Ahmed Abofoul, International Lawyer, Legal Researcher and Advocacy Officer at Al-Haq Organisation

Ahmed Selim, PhD Student, University of Chicago

Ahmet Ferhat Baran, PhD Student, University of Aberdeen.

Ajantha Subramanian, Professor, City University of New York.

Alba Valenciano-Mañé, post-doctoral researcher, Universidad Autonoma de Madrid

Albert Caramés, Adjunct Professor, Blanquerna – Ramon Llull University

Alessandra Mezzadri SOAS Reader in Global Development and Political Economy

Alessandro Donadio Miebach, Adjunct Professor, Universidade Federal do Estado do Rio Grande do Sul.

Alexander D. Barder, Professor of International Relations, Florida International University

Alexandre Abreu, Assistant Professor, ISEG-Lisbon School of Economics and Management.

Alfredo Alietti, Professor, University of Ferrara Italy

Ali Cebeci, PhD, Georgetown University

Ali Raza, Associate Professor, Lahore University of Management Sciences

Alice Panepinto, Reader, School of Law, Queen’s University Belfast

Alicia Campos Serrano, Profesora Titular, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid

Alison Phipps, UNESCO, Chair University of Glasgow

Alma Khasawnih, The College of New Jersey

Alyosxa Tudor, Reader in Gender Studies, SOAS University of London.

Alyssa Kristeller, Graduate Student Georgetown University.

Aman, Associate Professor of Legal Practice, Jindal Global University

Amber De Clerck, PhD Student & Teaching Assistant, Ghent University, Belgium

Amber Lakhani, PhD Candidate & GTA, SOAS University of London.

Amina Adanan, Lecturer in Law, Maynooth University

Amira Abdelhamid, Lecturer in International Relations, University of Portsmouth

Amy Strecker, Associate Professor of Law, University College Dublin

Anamika Misra, Associate Lecturer, University of Bristol.

Anand Sheombar, researcher & lecturer, HU University of Applied Sciences Utrecht

Anand Vaidya, Associate Professor of Anthropology, Reed College

Ananya Chakravarti, Associate Professor of History, Georgetown University

Anas Karzai, Laurentian University, Canada

Anastasiya Kotova, Doctoral candidate, Lund University

Anchita Dasgupta, Oxford Law Faculty

Andrea Cornwall, Professor of Global Development and Anthropology, King’s College London.

Andrea Gadberry, Associate Professor, NYU

Andrea Maria Pelliconi, Teaching Associate, University of Nottingham

Andrea Mura, Senior Lecturer, Goldsmiths, University of London

Andrea Teti, Associate Professor of Political Science, Univeristy of Salerno, Italy

Andrew Bush, Assistant Professor, Bard College

Andrew Woolford, PhD, Department of Sociology and Criminology, University of Manitoba

Angana Chatterji, University of California, Berkeley.

Angela Daly, Professor of Law & Technology, University of Dundee.

Angela Smith, Sessional Academic, University of New South Wales

Angela Zito, Anthropology/Religious Studies, NYU

Anita H. Fábos, Professor, International Development, Community & Environment Department, Clark University

Anita Rupprecht, University of Brighton

Anjali Arondekar, Professor, Feminist Studies, UCSC

Anna Bigelow, Stanford University.

Anna Ferguson, Georgetown University

Anna Rosellini, University of Bologna

Anna-Claire Steffen, PhD Candidate, UMass Amherst

Annaclaudia Martini, Assistant Professor at University of Bologna, Italy

Annapurna Menon, Teaching Associate, University of Sheffield

Anne Berg, Assistant Professor of History, University of Pennsylvania.

Anne Hunnell Chen, Assistant Professor of Art History and visual culture, Bard College

Anne Norton, Professor, University of Pennsylvania

Anne-Claire Defossez, Researcher, Institute for Advanced Study, Princeton

Anneke Newman, Senior Postdoctoral Fellow, University of Ghent

Anooradha Iyer Siddiqi, Barnard College, Columbia University

Anthony Alessandrini, Professor, City University of New York

Anthony Gorman, Senior Lecturer, University of Edinburgh.

Anton Shammas, Prof. Emeritus of Middle East Literatures, University of Michigan

Antonio Scialà, Università Roma Tre, Italy

Antonio Y. Vazquez-Arroyo, Associate Professor, Rutgers University-Newark.

Aoife Daly, Professor of Law, School of Law, University College Cork

Arathi Sriprakash, University of Oxford

Ardi Imseis, Professor of International Law, Queen’s University

Arun Kundnani, independent scholar and writer

Arzu Somalı, PhD student, University of Istanbul.

Aseil Abu-Baker, Legal Consultant.

Ashok Kumar, Senior Lecturer of Political Economy, Birkbeck University.

Aslı Bâli, Professor of Law, Yale University

Astrid Mrkich, refugee lawyer, Toronto, Canada

Ata Hindi, Birzeit University.

Atiya Habeeb Kidwai, retired Professor, Jawharlal Nehru University, India

Avital Ronell, University Professor of the Humanities, NYU

Ayça Çubukçu, Associate Professor in Human Rights, LSE

Ayesha Khalid Chaudhry, Doctoral candidate at Deakin University Australia

Ayesha Umaña Dajud, JSD student, Cornell University

Ayushman Bhagat, Lecturer, Brunel University London

Azam Khatam, Instructor, York University

Azeezah Kanji, legal academic and journalist

Badreddine Rachidi, Graduate Student & Center for Contemporary Arab Studies, Georgetown University.

Baki Tezcan, Professor of History, University of California, Davis

Banah Ghadbian, Assistant Professor Of Comparative Women’s Studies, Spelman College

Barbara Aiolfi, research fellow University of Milan – BICOCCA

Barbara De Poli, Associate Professor, Ca’ Foscari University Venice

Barry Trachtenberg, Rubin Presidential Chair of Jewish History, Wake Forest University, North Carolina.

Basheer Ahmad, Retired professor, JNU, New Delhi

Bashir Saade, Lecturer in Politics and Religion, University of Stirling

Bayan Abusneineh, Assistant Professor, Ohio State University

Ben Golder, Professor, UNSW

Ben Whitham, Lecturer in International Relations, SOAS University of London

Ben Wiedel-Kaufmann, Lecturer, The Open University.

Benjamin Selwyn, Professor of International Relations and Development, University of Sussex.

Benjamin Thorne, Lecturer in Law, University of Kent

Berklee Baum, DPhil, University of Oxford

Besan Jaber, Georgetown University

Bielasan Tareq Zaina, PhD Student, Georgetown University

Bikrum Gill, Assistant Professor, Department of Political Science, Virginia Tech

Bilal Maanaki, University of Virginia

Bilge Yesil, City University of New York

Bircan Ciytak, Research Fellow, University of Birmingham

Birgul Kutan, University of Sussex

Bishnupriya Ghosh, Professor, UC Santa Barbara

Blanca Camps-Febrer, Adjunct Lecturer, Autonomous University of Barcelona

Brannon Ingram, Associate Professor of Religious Studies, North-western University

Brendan Ciaran Browne, Assistant Professor, School of Religion, Theology and Peace Studies, Trinity College Dublin

Brenna Bhandar, Associate Professor, Allard Law Faculty

Brian McMahon, Lecturer in Sociology and Mindfulness-Based Wellbeing, Munster Technological University

Bridget Guarasci, Associate Professor of Anthropology, Franklin & Marshall College

Bruce Robbins, Columbia University

Bruna A. Gonçalves, PhD Researcher, European University Institute

Cahal McLaughlin, Professor, School of Arts, English and Languages Queen’s University Belfast

Camila Vergara, Senior Lecturer, University of Essex

Camilo Pérez-Bustillo, Executive Director, National Lawyers’ Guild – San Francisco Bay Area chapter

Carla Winston, Senior Lecturer in International Relations, University of Melbourne

Carles Fernández-Torné, Adjunct Professor in transitional justice and conflict analysis, Ramon Llull University

Carlo Caprioglio, Legal Clinic on Migration and Asylum, Università Roma Tre

Carlo Leget, Professor of Care Ethics, University of Humanistic Studies.

Carlos Bichet, Assistant Professor, Facultad de Derecho y Ciencias Políticas , Universidad de Panama

Catherine Charrett, Senior Lecturer, International Relations, University of Westminster.

Catherine Larocque, PhD candidate, University of Ottawa

Cathy Powell, Associate Professor in Public Law, University of Cape Town

Cemil Aydin, Professor of International History, University of North Carolina Chapel Hill

Ceyda Turan, Lawyer at Turan Law Office

Chaman Lal Retd Professor JNU

Charles des Portes, Teaching Fellow in Political Theory, University of Leeds

Chenjerai Kumanyika, Assistant Professor, NYU Journalism

Chi-Chi Shi, PhD Researcher, Durham University

Chiara De Cesari, Professor of Heritage, Memory and Cultural Studies, University of Amsterdam.

Chiara Pagano, Post-doc, University of Graz

Chris Barker, Assistant Professor, The American University in Cairo

Chris Dole, Professor of Anthropology, Amherst College

Chris Gilbert, Professor of Political Studies, Universidad Bolivariana de Venezuela

Christina Murray, Graduate Student, MAAS, Georgetown.

Christine Hong, Professor, UC Santa Cruz

Christo El Morr, Professor, York University, Canada

Christopher Gevers, School of Law, University of KwaZulu-Natal

Christopher Parker, Associate Professor, Ghent University

Christopher Roberts, Assistant Professor, Faculty of Law, Chinese University of Hong Kong

Cigdem Cidam, Professor of Political Science, Union College Schenectady NY

Cira Pascual Marquina, Professor of Political Studies, Universidad Bolivariana de Venezuela

Claire Begbie, PhD student at Concordia University, Montreal.

Claire Gallien, Professor, University Montpellier 3

Clara Han, Professor of Anthropology, Johns Hopkins University

Claudia Dides, Universidad de Santiago.

Claudia Saba, Adjunct Lecturer, Ramon Llull University

Clement Sichimwa, Lecturer and Researcher at University of Zambia

Clíodhna Murphy, Associate Professor of Law, Maynooth University

Clod Marlan Krister Yambao, Asst. Professor University of the Philippines Dept. of Art Studies and Doctoral Research Fellow, Conflict Research Group, Ghent Univesity

Colin Breen, Reader, Ulster University

Colleen Bell, Associate Professor, University of Saskatchewan

Cristiana Fiamingo, assistant prof. University of Milan

Cristina Bacchilega, Professor Emerita, University of Hawaii-Manoa

Curtis F.J. Doebbler, Research Professor of Law, Department of Law, University of Makeni

Cynthia Franklin, Professor, University of Hawai’i

Cyra Akila Choudhury, Professor of Law, FIU College of Law

Dalia Said Mostafa, Associate Professor, Hamad Bin Khalifa University, Qatar

Damien Short, Professor of Human Rights and Environmental Justice; Co-Director, Human Rights Consortium, School of Advanced Study, University of London

Daniel Brown, PhD, LSE Sociology Department

Daniel R. Quiroga-Villamarín, PhD Candidate, Geneva Graduate Institute

Daniel Segal, Jean M Pitzer Professor Emeritus, Pitzer College

Daniel Stein, Assistant Professor, O.P. Jindal Global Law School

Daniela Meneghini ca’ Foscari università of Venice

Daniela Pioppi University of Naples L’Orientale

Daniele Conversi, Research Professor at the Ikerbasque Foundation for Science and the University of the Basque Country (EHU/UPV), Bilbao, Euskadi

Danielle Fernandes, Doctoral researcher, Vrije Universiteit Brussel

Dara Leyden, PhD candidate, Queen Mary University of London

Daragh Murray, Senior Lecturer, School of Law, Queen Mary University of London.

Darryl Li, Associate Professor of Anthropology and Associate Member of the Law School, University of Chicago.

David Keane, Assistant Professor of Law, Dublin City University

David Landy, Director of MPhil in Race Ethnicity and Conflict, Trinity College Dublin

David Leadbeater, Adjunct Professor, Laurentian University, Canada

David Palumbo-Liu, Louise Hewlett Nixon Professor, Stanford University.

David Theo Goldberg, Professor, University of California, Irvine

David van Leeuwen, professor, Radboud University Nijmegen

David Whyte, Professor of Climate Justice, Queen Mary University of London

Dearbhla Minogue, Senior Lawyer at Global Legal Action Network

Deborah B. Gould, Professor of Sociology, University of California, Santa Cruz

Deborah Lawson, PhD Candidate, School of Law and Social Justice, University of Liverpool.

Deen Sharp, Visiting Fellow, LSE

Diana Allan, McGill University

Diana Jeater, Professor of African History, University of Liverpool

Diane Lamoureux, professeure émérite, Université Laval.

Didier Fassin, Professor, Collège de France

Dimitri Van Den Meerssche, Lecturer, Queen Mary University of London.

Dina Al-Kassim, Professor, University of British Columbia

Dina M. Siddiqi, Global Liberal Studies, New York University

Dina Matar, Professor Political Communication, SOAS

Dino Pancani C, Facultad de Comunicacion e Imagen, Universidad de Chile

Dipti Khera, Associate Professor, New York University

Dolly Kikon, University of Melbourne

Donia Khraishi, Georgetown University

Douaa Sheet, Assistant Professor, American University

Douglas Carson, University College Dublin

Edemilson Paraná, Associate Professor of Social Sciences, LUT University, Finland

Eduardo Villavicencio, PhD Student, Kent Law School.

Edward Brennan, Lecturer, Technological University, Dublin

Edwin Bikundo, Senior Lecturer, Griffith Law School

Eftychia Mylona, Lecturer, Leiden University

Egidio de Bustamante, Senior Lecturer, Unit for Peace and Conflict Studies, University of Innsbruck.

Ekin Kurtic, Postdoctoral Fellow, Northwestern University

Elena Vezzadini, Research affiliate, Institute for African Worlds

Elif Babül, Associate Professor, Mount Holyoke College

Elif Durmuş, Postdoctoral Researcher in International Law and Human Rights, University of Antwerp

Elisa Giunchi, Professor, Università degli studi di Milano

Elisabeth Weber, Professor of German and Comparative Literature, University of California, Santa Barbara

Elizabeth Shakman Hurd, Professor of Politics and Religious Studies, Northwestern University.

Elora Halim Chowdhury, Professor, UMass Boston

Elora Shehabuddin, Professor, UC Berkeley

Elyse Crystall, Teaching Professor, UNC Chapel Hill

Emilio Dabed, adjunct professor of law, York University, Toronto

Emily J. Sumner, Ph.D. candidate, University of Minnesota

Emily Watkins, Graduate Teaching Assistant/Instructor, University of Kansas

Emma Palmer, Senior Lecturer, Griffith University

Enrica Rigo, Associate professor of law, University of Roma Tre

Eren Duzgun, Assistant Professor of International Relations, University of Cyprus

Eric Hooglund, Editor, Middle East Critique

Eskandar Sadeghi, Associate Professor, University of York

Estella Carpi, Assistant Professor in Humanitarian Studies, University College London

Ettore Asoni, University of Bologna

Eva Nanopoulos, Senior Lecturer, Queen Mary University of London

Fabia Fernandes Carvalho, Assistant Professor, Universidade Federal de São Paulo

Fabio Lanza, Professor, University of Arizona

Fabio Marcelli, Senior Researcher of the Institute for International legal studies.

Fadi Ennab, Vanier Scholar/PhD Student, University of Manitoba

Farah Mahmoud, Doctoral Candidate, Florida International University

Farida Khan, Professor, University of Colorado

Fatemeh Shams, Associate Professor of Persian Studies, University of Pennsylvania, U.S.A

Fathimah Fildzah Izzati, PhD Candidate, SOAS University of London

Fatima Sajjad, Associate professor, Director Center for Critical Peace Studies, University of Management and Technology Lahore

Fauzia Ahmad, Senior Lecturer, Goldsmiths

Féilim Ó hAdhmaill, Lecturer, University College Cork

Felícia Campos, PhD researcher in Islamic & Middle Eastern Studies, University of Edinburgh.

Felicite Fairer-Wessels, emeritus professor, University of Pretoria, South Africa

Fernando Quintana, PhD Student and GTA, Queen Mary University of London, School of Law

Ferran Izquierdo Brichs / Profesor Agregat / Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona

Fida Adely, Assistant Professor, Georgetown University

Fien De Meyer, PhD, University of Antwerp.

Flagg Miller, Professor, University of California, Davis

Fleur van Leeuwen, Assistant professor in international law, Boğaziçi University, Istanbul

Frances Tanzer, Rose Professor of Holocaust Studies and Modern Jewish History and Culture, Assistant Professor of History, Strassler Center for Holocaust and Genocide Studies, Clark University

Francesca Biancani, Associate Professor, University of Bologna

Francesca Romana Ammaturo, Senior Lecturer, London Metropolitan University.

Francis Cody, Associate Professor of Anthropology, University of Toronto

Francisca James Hernandez, Instructional Faculty, Pima Community College

Fulya Pinar, Postdoctoral scholar, Middle East Studies, Brown University.

Gabriela Kuetting, Professor of Global Politics, Rutgers University-Newark

Gabriele vom Bruck, SOAS.

Gabriele Wadlig, Max Weber Fellow, Department of Law, European University Institute

Gareth Dale, Politics, Brunel University

Gargi Bhattacharyya, Professor, University of the Arts

Gary Fields, University of California San Diego

Gayatri Chakravorty Spivak, Professor, Columbia University

Gearóid Ó Cuinn, Founding Director, Global Legal Action Network (GLAN)

Gene Carolan, Lecturer in Law, Technological University Dublin

Gennaro Gervasio, Associate Professor, Università Roma Tre

German Correa profesor Universidad de Santiago de Chile.

Germán Santana Pérez, Universidad de Las Palmas de Gran Canaria

Ghada Ageel, University of Alberta.

Ghadir Zannoun, Associate Professor, University of Kentucky

Gholam Khiabany, Goldsmiths, University of London

Gianfranco Ragona, professor at University of Turin

Gijs Verbossen, Senior lecturer in conflict studies, University of Amsterdam

Gillian Hart, Professor Emeritus, University of California Berkeley

Gillian Maris Jones, Ph.D. candidate, University of Pennsylvania

Giorgia Baldi, Lecturer, University of Sussex.

Giulia Contes, project manger and PhD student, UAntwerpen

Giulia Pinzauti, Assistant Professor of Public International Law, Leiden Law School

Giuseppe Aragno, Storico, Fondazione Humaniter, Napoli

Giuseppe Mastruzzo, Director, International University College of Turin

Gloria Novovic, Gender, Development and Globalisation Fellow, London School of Economics.

Goldie Osuri, University of Warwick, UK

Golnar Nikpour, Assistant Professor or History, Dartmouth College

Gordon Christie, Professor, Peter A Allard School of Law, University of British Columbia

Goretti Horgan, Senior Lecturer, Ulster University

Greg Albo, professor, Politics, York University

Greg Burris, Associate Professor, American University of Beirut.

Guido Donini, former Assistant Professor 0ffof Classics at the University of Chicago

Guillem Farrés Fernández, Professor Lector, UOC

Guillermo Gigliani, Professor, Universidad Nacional de Moreno, Argentina

Hadia Mubarak, Assistant Professor of Religion, Queens University of Charlotte.

Haim Bresheeth-Žabner, Professorial Research Associate, SOAS University of London

Hakeem Yusuf, Professor of Global Law, University of Derby

Hamed Al-Mogarry, Sana’a University.

Hanan Elsayed, Occidental College

Hanan Kashou, Associate Teaching Professor, Rutger University.

Hanan Toukan, Associate Professor, Bard College Berlin

Hannah Birkenkoetter, Assistant Professor, Instituto Tecnológico Autónomo de México

Hannah Boast, Chancellor’s Fellow, University of Edinburgh

Hannah NS Bahrin, PhD student, Queen Mary University

Hannelore Van Bavel, postdoctoral researcher, Vrije Universiteit Brussel & University of Bristol

Harold Marcuse, Professor of History, University of California, Santa Barbara

Hasan Basri Bülbül, Assistant Professor of International Law, Boğaziçi University, Turkey.

Hasan Shuaib, PhD Graduate, Rutgers University

Hassan Jabareen, General Director, Adalah Legal Center.

Hatice Ozturk, PhD student, Georgetown University

Hayley Gibson, University of Kent.

Hazem Jamjoum, Curator, British Library.

Helena Sheehan, Emeritus Professor, Dublin City University

Helga Tawil-Souri, Associate Professor, New York University

Helmi Mohammed Abdo, Sana’a Community College.

Helyeh Doutaghi, Research Scholar, Yale University.

Hesham Sallam, Stanford University

Hilla Dayan, Lecturer, Amsterdam University College.

Hossein Kamaly, Professor of Interfaith Studies, Hartford international University for Religion and Peace

Howard Pflanzer, Adj. Associate Professor, Hunter College

Howard Winant, University of California, Santa Barbara

Howie Rechavia-Taylor, Fellow, LSE

Hulya Dagdeviren, Professor of Economic Development, University of Hertfordshire.

Humeira Iqtidar, King’s College London

Humoud Y. Alfadhli, Assistant Professor of International Law, Kuwait University

Huseyin Disli & Kent Law School/Worldwide Lawyers Association Research and Programmes Executive.

Idil Abdillahi Assistant Professor, TMU.

Ignasi Bernat, Postdoctoral Researcher, Department of Sociology, University of Barcelona

Inessa Hadjivayanis, PhD candidate, SOAS.

Inge van Nistelrooij, associate professor, University of Humanistic Studies, Utrecht.

Intan Suwandi, Assistant Professor of Sociology, Illinois State University.

Iqra Anugrah, Research Fellow, International Institute for Asian Studies, Leiden University.

Ira Bhaskar, Retd. Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi, India

Irene Van Staveren, professor of economics, Erasmus University Rotterdam.

Irina Ceric, Assistant Professor, University of Windsor Faculty of Law

Isabel Huacuja Alonso, Assistant Professor, Columbia University

Isabel Käser, Postdoctoral Fellow, University of Bern

Isabella Camera d’Afflitto – Honorary Professor, Sapienza università di Roma

Isabelle Mildonian, Graduate, Roanoke College.

Işıl Aral, Assistant professor of international law, Koç University

Isobel Roele, Reader in Law, Queen Mary University of London

Issa Shivji, Professor Emeritus, University of Dar es Salaam

Itziar Ruiz Giménez, Profesora de RRII y Coordinadora del Grupo de Estudios Africanos e Internacionales, UAM

J. Travis Shutz, Assistant Professor, California State University Los Angeles

Jack Halberstam, Columbia University

Jack McGinn, PhD candidate, LSE

Jairo I. Fúnez-Flores, Texas Tech University

Jalal Kawash, Academic, University of Calgary

Jamal Ali, Assistant Teaching Professor, Rutgers University

James Eastwood, Senior Lecturer in Politics and International Relations, Queen Mary University of London

Jan Selby, Professor of International Politics, University of Leeds

Jaskiran Dhillon, Associate Professor, The New School

Jasmin Johurun Nessa, University of Liverpool.

Jasmine Barzani, PhD candidate Melbourne University

Jason Beckett, Associate Professor, American University in Cairo

Javier González-Arellano, Profesor asociado de filosofía del Derecho Universidad Carlos III de Madrid.

Jay Ramasubramanyam, Assistant Professor, Department of Social Science, York University

Jean Beaman, Associate Professor, Sociology, University of California-Santa Barbara

Jeannette Graulau, Associate Professor, CUNY

Jeff Handmaker, Associate Professor, Erasmus University Rotterdam.

Jeffrey Sacks, Associate Professor, University of California, Riverside

Jeffrey Stevenson Murer, Senior Lecturer on Collective Violence, University of St Andrews

Jehan Mohamed, Lecturer, Rutgers State University.

Jenny Phillimore, Professor, University of Birmingham

Jeremy Dell, Lecturer, University of Edinburgh

Jessie Daniels, PhD, Professor, CUNY

Jillian Rogin, Associate Professor (Law), University of Windsor.

Jinan Bastaki, Associate Professor of Legal Studies, NYUAD.

Jo Bluen, London School of Economics, PhD candidate

Jo-Marie Burt, Associate Professor, George Mason University

Joel Gordon, Professor of History, University of Arkansas

Johanna Ray Vollhardt, Associate Professor, Clark University

John Bellamy Foster, Profesor Emeritus, University of Oregon.

John Cox, Director, Center for Holocaust, Genocide & Human Rights Studies, University of North Carolina at Charlotte.

John L. Esposito, Distinguished University Professor, Georgetown University

John Reynolds, Associate Professor of International Law, Maynooth University

Jolanda Guardi, Professor, University of Turin

Jonathan Wheeler, Assistant professor and researcher, National University of Tucumán-CONICET.

Jordan Cortesi, PhD student, University of Kansas.

Jordana Silverstein, Senior Research Fellow, University of Melbourne

Jose Itzigsohn, Professor of Sociology, Brown University

Joseph Elsayyid, Yale University

Juan M. Amaya-Castro, Universidad de los Andes

Julia Dehm, Senior Lecturer in Law, La Trobe University

Julian Go, Professor, University of Chicago

Juliane Hammer, Professor of Religious Studies, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill

Julie Carlson, Professor of English, UC Santa Barbara

Jyotirmaya Sharma, Professor, University of Hyderabad

Kaiya Aboagye, Senior Lecturer, University Western Sydney

Kalbir Shukra, former senior lecturer now independent researcher.

Kanad Bagchi, Postdoctoral Fellow, University of Amsterdam

Kareem Rabie, Associate Professor, University of Illinois at Chicago

Karen Crawley, Senior Lecturer, Griffith Law School

Karin Arts, Professor of International Law and Development, International Institute of Social Studies

Karin White, ECCE Programme Chair, Atlantic Technological University

Karma Nabulsi, Professor, University of Oxford

Kasia Paprocki, Associate Professor, London School of Economics and Political Science

Katherine Gallagher, Center for Constitutional Rights

Katherine Natanel, Senior Lecturer in Gender Studies, University of Exeter

Kathleen Lynch, University College Dublin, UCD Professor of Equality Studies (Emerita)

Kathy Engel, Associate Arts Professor, NYU

Katy Kalemkerian, John Abbott College

Kaveh Ehsani, Associate Professor, DePaul University- Chicago

Ken Fero Assistant Professor Coventry University

Kenzie El Bakry, Graduate Social Sciences, University of Düsseldorf

Kevin A. Gould, Associate Professor of Geography, Concordia University

Kevin Skerrett, Adjunct Research Professor, Institute of Political Economy, Carleton University

Khaled Abou El Fadl, Professor, UCLA law School

Kiran Asher, Professor and Chair, Department of Women, Gender, Sexuality Studies, UMass Amherst

Kirsten Forkert, Professor of Cultural Studies, Birmingham City University.

Koen Leurs, Associate Professor, Utrecht University.

Kristina Richardson, Professor, University of Virginia.

Kurt Schock, Professor, Rutgers University, Newark

Laila Farah, Depaul University, Associate Professor

Laila Parsons, Professor, McGill University

Laila Shereen Sakr, Associate Professor, University of California, Santa Barbara

Laith Aqel, Clinical Lecturer in Law, Yale Law School.

Laleh Khalili, Professor, Institute of Arab and Islamic Studies, University of Exeter

Lana Sirri, Postdoctoral Researcher, University of Amsterdam.

Lana Tatour, University of New South Wales

Lara Deeb, Professor of Anthropology, Scripps College

Lara Fricke, PhD candidate University of Exeter

Lara Khattab, Assistant Professor at Mount Allison University

Laura Betancur Restrepo, Associate Professor of International Law, Universidad de Los Andes

Laura De Vos, Assistant Professor American Studies, Radboud University

Laura Fair, Professor, Columbia University

Laura Feliu Martinez, Profesora titular, UAB

Laura Maghețiu, Doctoral Researcher, CLaSP, Queen Mary University of London

Laura McAtackney, Professor of Radical Humanities Laboratory and Archaeology, University College Cork (Ireland) and Professor of Heritage Studies, Aarhus University (Denmark)

Laura Rodriguez Castro, Southern Cross University

Laurie King, Teaching Professor, Department of Anthropology, Georgetown University

Layli Uddin, Lecturer, Queen Mary University of London

Leena Grover, Associate Professor of International Law, Tilburg University

Leila Ullrich, Associate Professor of Criminology, University of Oxford.

Lena Alhusseini, Phd Student, California Institute of Integral Studies

Leo Spitzer, Professor of History Emeritus, Dartmouth College

Leon Sealey-Huggins, Assistant Professor of Global Sustainable Development, University of Warwick

Leticia Rovira-Facultad de Humanidades y Artes- Universidad Nacional de Rosario – Argentina

Leyla Neyzi, Research Fellow, University of Glasgow

Lila Pine, Associate Professor, New Media, Toronto Metropolitan University

Liliana Suárez, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid

Lillian Robb, PhD Candidate Graduate Institute of International and Development Studies Geneva

Lisa Hajjar, Professor of Sociology, UC Santa Barbara

Livia Wick, Associate Professor, American University of Beirut.

Liyana Kayali, Postdoctoral Research Fellow, University of Sydney

Lori Allen, Reader in Anthropology, SOAS University of London.

Lucia Sorbera, Senior Lecturer and Chair Arabic Language and Cultures, The University of Sydney

Lucia Sorbera, Senior Lecturer and Chair Arabic Language and Cultures, University of Sydney

Luigi Daniele, Senior Lecturer in Law, Nottingham Trent University

Luis Andueza, Lecturer in International Development, King’s College London

Luis Eslava, Professor of International Law, La Trobe University & University of Kent

M. Bahati Kuumba, Professor of Comparative Women’s Studies, Spelman College

M. Muhannad Ayyash, Professor of Sociology, Mount Royal University.

Macarena Aguiló, Académica Universidad de Chile

Madawi Al-Rasheed, Professor, LSE

Madeline G. Levine, Kenan Professor of Slavic Literatures Emerita, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill

Madina Thiam, Assistant Professor of History, New York University

Maggie Ronayne, Lecturer in Archaeology, University of Galway, Galway, Ireland.

Maghraoui Driss, Al Akhawayn University, Morocco.

Maha Abdallah, Graduate Teaching Assistant & PhD researcher, Faculty of Law, University of Antwerp.

Maha Nassar, Associate Professor, University of Arizona.

Maha Shuayb, University of Cambridge and Centre for Lebanese Studies.

Maher Hamoud, Associate Scholar, KU Leuven

Mahsheed Ansari, Senior Lecturer, Charles Sturt University

Mahvish Ahmad, Assistant Professor in Human Rights and Politics, LSE & Co-Director LSE Human Rights.

Mairaj Syed, Professor, Religious Studies and Middle East South Asia Studies, University of California, Davis

Maisha Prome, PhD Candidate, Yale University

Maja Janmyr, Professor, Faculty of Law, University of Oslo

Malek Abisaab, Associate Professor McGill University

Mandy Turner, professor of conflict, peace and humanitarian affairs, University of Manchester, UK.

Marcela Alvarez Pérez, Benemérita Universidad Autónoma de Puebla

Marcela Pizarro , Lecturer, Goldsmiths, University of London

Margaux L Kristjansson, Mellon Postdoctoral Fellow in Native American and Indigenous Studies, Bard College

Maria Bhatti, lecturer, School of Law, Western Sydney University

Maria Cristina Paciello, researcher, Ca’ Foscari University of Venice

Maria Federica Moscati, Reader in Law and Society, University of Sussex.

Maria Haro Sly, Ph.D. Candidate, Johns Hopkins University.

Maria LaHood, Deputy Legal Director, Center for Constitutional Rights.

Maria Rashid Fellow, Gender Studies Department, London School of Economics.

Maria Tzanakopoulou, Lecturer in Law, Birkbeck, University of London

Mariam Motamedi Fraser, Reader in Sociology, Goldsmiths, University of London

Mariana Gkiati, Assistant Professor, Tilburg University

Marianne Hirschberg, Faculty of Human Sciences, University of Kassel, Germany.

Marieke Potma, PhD-candidate, University for Humanistic Studies.

Marilù Mastrogiovanni, Adjunct professor in Journalism, University of Bari “Aldo Moro”

Mario Novelli, University of Sussex

Marion Kaplan, NYU, Emerita

Marios Costa, Senior Lecturer, City, University of London

Marissa Jackson Sow, Assistant Professor of Law, University of Richmond School of Law

Marjorie Cohn, Founding Dean, People’s Academy of International Law

Mark Goodman, Professor, Sociology, York University, Toronto

Marnie Holborow, Associate Faculty, Dublin City University

Marsha Henry, London School of Economics

Marsha Rosengarten, Professor of Sociology, Goldsmiths University of London

Marta Giallombardo, PhD candidate, Università degli studi di Modena e Reggio Emilia.

Marwa Daoudy, Associate Professor, Georgetown University

Marwa Neji, researcher, Ghent University, Belgium.

Mary Ana McGlasson, Director, Centre for Humanitarian Leadership, Deakin University, Melbourne

Mary Ellen Davis, part-time faculty, Concordia University, Montréal

Mary Laheen, Assistant Professor, University College Dublin

Mary Nolan, Professor of History Emerita, New York University

Marya Farah, Legal Researcher

Maryam Aldossari, Associate Professor, Royal Holloway University of London

Matiangai Sirleaf, Professor of Law, University of Maryland

Matt Howard, Lecturer, University of Kent

Matteo Capasso, University of Venice, Italy.

Matthew Cole, Lecturer in Technology, Work and Employment

Matthew Zagor, Associate Professor, ANU College of Law, Australian National University

Maud Anne Bracke, Professor of modern European history, University of Glasgow UK

Maura Finkelstein, Associate Professor of Anthropology, Muhlenberg College

Mauricio Amar, Centro de Estudios Árabes Eugenio Chahuan, Universidad de Chile

Maya Mikdashi, Associate Professor, Rutgers University.

Mayur Suresh, Senior Lecturer, SOAS University of London.

Mazen Masri, Senior Lecturer in Law, The City Law School, City University of London.

Maziar Behrooz, San Francisco State University

Meera Sabaratnam, Associate Professor, University of Oxford

Mehmet Erken, İstanbul University

Mehrdad F. Samadzadeh, University of Toronto

Melania Brito Clavijo, PhD candidate; Universidad Autónoma de Barcelona

Melanie Richter-Montpetit, Senior Lecturer in International Security, Department of International Relations, University of Sussex.

Melinda González, Assistant Professor, Georgetown University

Micah Khater, Assistant Professor, University of California-Berkeley

Michael Daniel Yates, Professor Emeritus, University of Pittsburghersity of Pittsburgh

Michael Fakhri, Professor of Law, University of Oregon.

Michael Lynk, Associate Professor, Faculty of Law, Western University

Michael Rodríguez-Muñiz, Associate Professor, University of California, Berkeley

Michael Rothberg, Professor of English, Comparative Literature, and Holocaust Studies, UCLA.

Michel Feher, Editor/Publisher, Zone books, NY.

Michelle Burgis-Kasthala, Senior Lecturer in Public International Law

Michelle Farrell, Professor of Law, University of Liverpool

Michelle Hartman, Professor, McGill University

Michiel Bot, Associate Professor, Tilburg Law School.

Miguel Valderrama, investigador adjunto Instituto de Filosofía, Universidad Diego Portales.

Mikki Stelder, Assistant Professor Global Arts and Politics, University of Amsterdam.

Minoo Moallem, Professor, UC Berkeley

Miriam Ticktin, Professor, CUNY Graduate Center.

Miriyam Aouragh, Professor, University of Westminster.

Mirjam Twigt, Leiden University

Moara Assis Crivelente, Researcher in the Centre for Social Studies, University of Coimbra

Mohamad Arnaout, Associate Professor, Lebanese International University

Mohamed Adhikari, Emeritus Associate Professor, History Department, University of Cape Town

Mohamed Ali, PhD Candidate, Georgetown University

Mohamed Mathee, Senior Lecturer, University of Johannesburg.

Mohamed Sayed, Associate instructor and PhD candidate at Indiana University

Mohamed Wajdi Ben Hammed, Assistan...