C2Looper Backdoor Exploits GitHub for Command-and-Control Operations

• •C2Looper is a Rust-based backdoor linked to ransomware operations.
• •The malware uses GitHub for command-and-control, complicating detection.
• •C2Looper can execute commands, perform reconnaissance, and deploy payloads.

In July 2026, Zscaler ThreatLabz identified C2Looper, a Rust-based backdoor likely linked to ransomware actors. The malware employs a multi-stage ClickFix infection chain and utilizes GitHub repositories for command-and-control, marking a significant evolution in its delivery method. C2Looper is capable of executing arbitrary commands, performing reconnaissance, and deploying secondary payloads. It communicates with its C2 server via plaintext HTTP, sending host information as JSON objects. The malware's version 2 enhances its capabilities by using GitHub to manage tasks, receive results, and host payloads, complicating detection efforts. The attack vector primarily targets Windows systems, and the malware's use of DLL sideloading techniques raises concerns about its evasion tactics. Current assessments indicate a low to medium confidence in the threat actor's identity and operational scope.