Zero-Knowledge Proofs Enhance Cyber Risk Sharing for Critical Infrastructure

• •Zero-knowledge proofs allow companies to share vulnerability status without disclosing sensitive data.
• •Existing frameworks for cybersecurity data sharing have seen limited participation due to legal and security concerns.
• •Major incidents like Colonial Pipeline and SolarWinds demonstrate the need for improved visibility in cybersecurity.

Zero-knowledge proofs (ZKPs) are proposed as a solution for infrastructure operators to share vulnerability information without exposing sensitive data. The U.S. has struggled for over a decade to facilitate effective cybersecurity data sharing, particularly regarding vulnerabilities. Major incidents, such as the Colonial Pipeline ransomware attack in 2021 and the SolarWinds breach in 2020, highlighted the need for improved visibility into systemic vulnerabilities across sectors. Current frameworks have not incentivized companies to disclose vulnerability data due to fears of legal repercussions and potential exploitation by adversaries. ZKPs allow companies to prove the existence of vulnerabilities without revealing underlying system details. This method could enable faster government responses to emerging threats while maintaining the confidentiality of proprietary information. The adoption of ZKPs could significantly enhance the cybersecurity posture of critical infrastructure sectors.