India Expands Nuclear Arsenal Amidst Rising Tensions with Pakistan

According to the SIPRI Yearbook 2026, India has increased its nuclear arsenal to approximately 190 warheads, surpassing Pakistan's estimated 170. This expansion is part of India's broader military modernization efforts, which were highlighted during a significant military confrontation with Pakistan in May 2025. The conflict involved missile strikes on Pakistani air and missile bases, believed to be linked to nuclear capabilities. Both nations engaged in cyber operations during this confrontation, marking a new dimension in their military interactions. Despite the escalation, both sides took steps to prevent further conflict. The report indicates a global trend of increasing reliance on nuclear weapons, reversing decades of disarmament efforts. India remains the fifth-largest military spender globally, with a defense budget of USD 92.1 billion in 2025, reflecting an 8.9% increase from the previous year. The SIPRI report warns of rising risks of miscalculation and escalation in the region.

Key Points: • India's nuclear arsenal has increased to around 190 warheads, compared to Pakistan's 170. • The May 2025 military confrontation included missile strikes and cyber operations between India and Pakistan. • SIPRI warns of a global trend towards increased reliance on nuclear weapons, reversing disarmament efforts.