China-Russia-Iran Axis: Authoritarian Collaboration in Ukraine Conflict

As of early 2026, the collaboration between China, Russia, Iran, and North Korea has significantly impacted the ongoing war in Ukraine. North Korean troops have been actively fighting alongside Russian forces, contributing to approximately 50% of the artillery used on the Ukrainian front. China has provided crucial support to Russia, including dual-use components and training for Russian soldiers. Iran has supplied drones and technical assistance to enhance Russia's military capabilities. This network of authoritarian regimes has created a mutual support structure that complicates the geopolitical landscape. The situation illustrates a failure of imagination among democratic policymakers regarding the extent of authoritarian cooperation. The report from the Center for European Policy Analysis highlights both the strengths and weaknesses of this partnership, emphasizing the need for a calibrated policy response from democracies.

Key Points: • North Korea contributes 50% of Russian artillery in Ukraine, showcasing deep military ties. • China provides dual-use components and training to Russia, despite claiming neutrality. • Iran supports Russia with drones and intelligence, enhancing military operations in Ukraine.