Cyber Threats from Dual-Use Satellites in Modern Warfare

• •Dual-use satellites are increasingly targeted by cyber-attacks, impacting critical infrastructure.
• •The Russia-Ukraine conflict showcased the shift from kinetic warfare to cyber disruptions in space.
• •India's CERT-In has issued guidelines to bolster cybersecurity for space systems.

The rise of dual-use satellites has blurred the lines of modern warfare, as these systems serve both civilian and military purposes. Cyber-attacks targeting satellite networks and GPS spoofing incidents have highlighted vulnerabilities in critical space infrastructure. The Russia-Ukraine conflict exemplified this shift, where cyber disruptions, such as the Viasat KA-SAT network attack, severely impacted communications across Europe. This evolution in warfare emphasizes invisible disruptions over traditional kinetic attacks, raising concerns about legal ambiguities and systemic risks. The Indian Computer Emergency Response Team (CERT-In) has issued guidelines to enhance the cybersecurity of space systems, reflecting the urgent need for protective measures. The ongoing weaponization of civilian space infrastructure poses a threat that extends beyond conflict zones into everyday life. Strengthening legal frameworks and attribution capabilities is essential for maintaining stability in space operations.